Homework #1 Glaciology, GEOL 4888, Spring 2019 Humphrey

1. Draw, by hand but carefully, a diagram of the molecular arrangement in an ice crystal (Ice Ih). Include at least 18 oxygens, and adjoining hydrogens. You can draw circles for the atoms, slightly bigger for the oxygens, and lines or dotted lines for the actual bonds.

-Include one Bernal-Fowler defect of each type (+ & - H).

-Label the c-axis direction.

-Label at least one ‘short/strong’ bond, and a ‘long/weak’ oxygen to oxygen bond.

If you do this diagram carefully, you should be able to see the ‘puckered-ring’ structure of the basal plane oxygens and the ‘boat-like’ structure of the oxygens in the c-axis direction.

2. Try to visualize the difference between ice 1h (hexagonal ice) and ice 1c (cubic ice). You will have to surf the web for images. Can you state in words, what is the difference between these 2 forms of ice?

3. If it snows on Wednesday, what was the cloud temperature based on the snowflakes?